The Hamas massacre and the subsequent Operation Iron Swords provoked a sharp surge in anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli rhetoric in the post-Soviet space. Initially, these themes remained marginal, primarily circulated by small-time propagandists with limited influence. But after Operation A People Like a Lion and especially with the launch of Operation Lion’s Roar, the phenomenon reached a new level. Given the systemic and consistent hate speech that took root in the post-Soviet space after October 7, 2023, and in particular, the new anti-Semitic wave came as no surprise. A clear pattern of public discourse emerged, featuring a pronounced anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli narrative, based on a blend of classical anti-Semitism, Soviet and modern anti-Zionism, and radical Christian and Islamic religious motifs.

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