Esther Rosenthal-Schneiderman (Trana-Estera Fuchs) is one of the prominent figures in the history of Jewish science and culture. In 1926, this Polish communist, a graduate of Warsaw University, was deported to the Soviet Union. Esther witnessed and participated in events related to the development of Jewish science and culture in Ukraine, the activities of the Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture and its involvement in the construction of Jewish autonomy in the Far East, and the Stalinist repressions that destroyed many of her friends and colleagues. The personal archive of this writer, publicist, and educator has revealed previously unknown facts about her life, but much remains unsolved.

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